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Today November 21, 2008

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A
wedding ring or wedding band consists of precious metal ring, in
some countries (USA, UK) worn on the base of the left ring finger – the fourth
finger (counting from the thumb) of the left hand. In other parts of the world,
it is worn on the right ring finger (e.g. Bulgaria, Norway, Germany, Poland or
Russia) (see also below). Such a ring symbolizes marriage: a
spouse wears it to indicate a marital commitment to fidelity. The European
custom of wearing such a ring has spread widely beyond Europe. |
Traditional
customs
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| Pre-wedding
customs |
According to some customs, the wedding ring forms the last in a
series of gifts, which also may include the engagement ring, traditionally given
as a betrothal present. Other more recent traditions, and the jewelry trade,
seek to expand the idea of a series of ring-gifts with the promise ring, often
given when serious courting begins, and the eternity ring, which symbolizes the
renewal or ongoing nature of a lasting marriage, sometimes given after the birth
of a first child; and a trilogy ring, usually displaying three brilliant-cut
round diamonds each, in turn, representing the past, present and future of a
relationship. A European tradition encourages the engraving of
the name of one's intended spouse and the date of one's intended marriage on the
inside surface of wedding rings, thus strengthening the symbolism and
sentimentality of the rings as they become family heirlooms.
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| Wedding ceremony
customs |
In British tradition, the best man has a traditional duty of keeping
track of a marrying couple's wedding ring(s) and to produce them at the symbolic
moment of the giving and receiving of the ring(s) during the traditional
marriage ceremony. In more elaborate weddings, a ring bearer
(usually a young boy that is part of the family of the bride or groom) may
assist in the ceremonial parading of the ring(s) into the ceremony, often on a
special cushion or pillow(s). In some European countries, the
wedding ring is the same as the engagement ring and changes its status through
engraving and the change of the hand on which to wear it. If the wedding ring is
different from the engagement ring, the question whether or not the engagement
ring should be worn during the ceremony leaves a few options. The bride may wear
it on her left ring finger and have the groom put the wedding band over it. She
may also wear it on her right ring finger. The bride may also continue wearing
the rings on different hands after the wedding – this may prevent the engagement
ring from scratching and scuffing. Another option is to have the main bridesmaid
keep the ring during the ceremony – there are a variety ways to keep it: in a
pouch, on a plate, etc. After the ceremony, the ring can be placed back on
either the left or the right hand.
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| Post-wedding
customs |
The choice of finger relates to traditions purportedly dating to
classical times, from an early usage reportedly referring to the fourth finger
of the left hand as containing the vena amoris or "vein of love". At least in
part due to this tradition, it became acceptable to wear the wedding ring on
this finger. By wearing rings on the fourth finger of their left hands, a
married couple symbolically declares their eternal love for each other. This has
now become a matter of tradition and etiquette. In some Western
cultures (USA, UK), the wedding ring is worn on the left hand. In other
countries such as Germany, India, Venezuela and Chile, however, it is worn on
the right hand. In Spain it is also worn on the right, except by Catalan people.
Orthodox Christians, Eastern Europeans and Jews also traditionally wear the
wedding band on the right hand. In The Netherlands, Catholic people wear it
left, all others right. But in Austria, Catholic people wear it right. Greek
people, many being Orthodox Christians, also wear the wedding rings on the right
hand in keeping with Greek tradition. A traditional reason to wear the wedding
ring on the right hand stems from Roman custom. The Latin word for left is
"sinistra", a word that evolved into the English "sinister". The Latin word for
right is "dexter", a word that evolved into "dexterity". Hence, the left hand
had a negative connotation and the right a good one. Etiquette
frowns severely on the making of sexual overtures to a man or woman wearing a
wedding ring.
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| Post
Funeral |
Although in law, and in most religions, a marriage ends on first
death, conventions (and perceived symbolism) around the wearing of wedding rings
after a partner's death vary considerably. Traditions include the surviving
spouse continuing to wear their own wedding ring after their partner's death;
continuing to wear their wedding ring, but on the ring finger of the other hand;
removing their wedding ring at their partners funeral; and taking charge of, and
wearing, their dead partner's ring. In many cultures, the length of time and way
in which a surviving spouse wears their ring is not dictated by a common custom,
but varies by family tradition and choice of the surviving spouse.
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| Contemporary
usage |
In the United Kingdom and the United States in past generations,
women wore wedding bands much more commonly than men did. Today, both partners
often wear wedding rings, but where occupations or professions forbid or
discourage the wearing of jewelry (as in the cases of actors, police, military
pilots and electrical workers), either marriage partner may not wear a ring. In
addition, people often remove wedding rings for comfort or safety. Others may
object to the idea of precious metals, or dislike the idea of declaring their
legal status through jewelry. Either partner may also wear a wedding ring on a
chain around the neck, thus conveying the socially equivalent message to wearing
it on a finger. The double-ring ceremony, or use of wedding
rings for both partners, is a relatively recent innovation. The origin of the
practice is uncertain, but it was never widespread. The American jewellery
industry started a marketing campaign aimed at encouraging this usage in the
late 19th century. The practice never became widespread, although it did warrant
mention in an etiquette book in 1937. Learning from marketing lessons of the
1920s, changing economic times, and the impact of World War II, led to a more
successful marketing campaign, and by the late 1940s, double-ring ceremonies
made up for 80% of all weddings, as opposed to 15% before the Great Depression.
One interpretation states that the woman wears the wedding ring
below the engagement ring, thus making it closer to the heart. Another practice
holds that the woman should wear the wedding ring above the engagement ring,
thus sealing the atmosphere of the engagement into the marriage. Still others
prefer that the wedding ring should be worn alone. Further, modern ring sets in
the United States are often marketed as a three-piece set, including the man's
wedding band, the woman's engagement ring, and a slender band that is mounted to
the engagement ring before the wedding, converting it into a single, permanent
wedding ring.
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| Materials |
Most religious marital ceremonies accept a band of any material
to symbolize the taking of marriage vows, with unusual substitutions permitted
in marriages under unusual circumstances. When people cannot obtain or adjust a
metal ring of appropriate size, substitutions such as rubber bands may be used.
To make wedding rings, jewellers most commonly use a precious
yellow alloy of gold, hardened with copper, tin and bismuth. Platinum and white
alloys of gold are also used, although the slightly yellow "white" gold alloys
of the past have been largely replaced by a cheaper nickel-gold alloy, covered
with a thin plating of rhodium which must be reapplied after some years of wear.
Titanium has recently become a popular material for wedding bands, due to its
durability, affordability, and gunmetal grey colour. Tungsten carbide, often
with gold or platinum inlays, is recently being used as well. The least
expensive material in common use is nickel silver for those who prefer its
appearance or cost. Marrying couples are also beginning to use stainless steel,
which has the same durability as platinum or Titanium and can accept a finer
finish than titanium. Silver, copper, brass and other cheaper metals do not
occur as frequently because they corrode over time and thus do not convey that
sense of "permanence". Aluminium or poisonous metals are almost never used.
Many health professionals do not recommend the wearing of
titanium or tungsten rings, as they are difficult to cut off in the event of an
emergency. Contrary to this belief, Titanium rings can be removed quite easily
using the same jewellers tools as for precious metal rings. Tungsten rings
cannot be cut with these tools but can be removed by breaking with a common
plumbers wrench known as "Mole Grips"
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| Styles, patterns,
fashions |
A plain gold band is the most popular pattern. Medical personnel
commonly wear it because it can be kept very clean. Women usually wear narrow
bands, while men wear broader bands. In France and
French-speaking countries, a common pattern consists of three interwoven rings.
They stand for the Christian virtues of "faith, hope and love", where "love"
equates to that particular type of perfect disinterested love indicated by the
ancient Greek word agape. Provocatively, this pattern slides off quickly,
because the rings flow over each other. Men in Greek, Italian
and Anatolian cultures sometimes receive and wear puzzle rings – sets of
interlocking metal bands that one must arrange just so in order to form a single
ring. Women wryly give them as a test of their man's monogamy. Even when the man
masters the puzzle, he still cannot remove and replace the ring quickly.
In North America and some European countries, many married women
wear two rings on the same finger: an engagement ring and a plain wedding band.
Couples often purchase such rings as a pair of bands designed to fit together.
In addition, some women who have been married a long time wear three rings on
their finger (from hand to tip): a wedding band, an engagement ring, and an
eternity ring. This three-ring combination is especially common in the UK.
Engraving Wedding Bands is also becoming very popular in the
United States. Celtic-style wedding bands have become more
popular in the U.S., Canada and other English-speaking countries with large
numbers of people claiming Irish or Scottish descent. This style of wedding band
will often be engraved or embossed with a Celtic knot design, which is meant to
symbolize oneness and continuity. Sometimes a Claddagh design is also used to
symbolize fidelity.
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Quotes
Christian - "Until death do us part." -
common ending words of a Christian wedding vow
Church of England - "With this ring I
thee wed." - from the traditional Church of England marriage-ceremony formula
Jewish - "With this ring, you are
consecrated to me according to the law of Moses and Israel." - Said in Hebrew by
the groom at an Orthodox Jewish wedding and by both the bride and groom at a
Reform Jewish wedding
Roman Catholic - "N., take this ring as
a sign of my love and fidelity. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and
of the Holy Spirit." - from the Roman Catholic Rite of Marriage
Islam - "N., As from the teachings of
The Last Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) we observe that he used to wear a silver right
with "Muhammad" engraved on it. He used ring-finger of the right hand.
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